(^) Les fleurs du mal: NARCISSUS EUGENIAE, 6/6 (Albacete, Spain)

//Les fleurs du mal: NARCISSUS EUGENIAE, 6/6 (Albacete, Spain)

Narcissus Eugeniae is a bulbous plant specie belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family that is endemic from Valencia and adjacent areas of the province of Albacete, in Spain. Its natural habitat is swamps and irrigated land.

Narcissus are toxic plants, especially bulbs, which can cause nerve, digestive and heart deficiencies.According to classical mythology, Narcissus was a young boy so in love with himself, that looking at her reflection in the water became a flower, the Narcissus.

(^) Les fleurs du mal: DATURA STRAMONIUM, 5/6 (Valencia, Spain)

(^) Les fleurs du mal: DATURA STRAMONIUM, 5/6 (Valencia, Spain)

Datura stramonium, known by the common names Jimson weed or datura is a plant in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family, which is believed to have originated in the Americas, but is now found around the world.

All parts of Datura plants contain dangerous levels of the tropane alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine which are classified as deliriants, or anticholinergics. There is a high risk of fatal overdose amongst uninformed users, and many hospitalizations occur amongst recreational users who ingest the plant for its psychoactive effects.

In June 2004, in Valencia, a Danish citizen has been arrested for sharing a drink offering as “liquid witch” and that it was actually jimsonweed, prompting the entry of five youths in several hospitals in Valencia. One of them was in a coma and four others suffered delusions and hallucinations.

(^) Les fleurs du mal: ACONITUM NAPELLUS, 4/6 (Niort, France)

// Les fleurs du mal: ACONITUM NAPELLUS, 4/6 (Niort, France)

Aconitum napellus (monkshood, aconite, wolfsbane, fuzi, monk’s blood) is a species of flowering plant in the genus Aconitum of the family Ranunculaceae, native and endemic to western and central Europe.

Like other species in the genus, A. napellus contains several poisonous compounds, including enough cardiac poison that it was used on spears and arrows for hunting and battle in ancient times. A. napellus has a long history of use as a poison, with cases going back thousands of years. During the ancient Roman period of European history the plant was often used to eliminate criminals and enemies, and by the end of the period it was banned and any one growing A. napellus could have been legally sentenced to death.

(^) Les fleurs du mal: ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS, 2/6 (Zagreb, Croacia)

// Les fleurs du mal: ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS, 2/6 (Zagreb, Croacia)  (photos by Piget)

Aristolochia clematitis, (European) Birthwort, is a twining herbaceous plant in the Aristolochiaceae family, which is native to Europe. The leaves are heart shaped and the flowers are pale yellow and tubular in form. The plant seeks light by ascending the stems of surrounding plants.

Just after the end of World War II, family doctors in north-west Bulgaria noted a high incidence of kidney disease but only in some areas. The disease occurred only in villages and small towns; it did not affect cities. Afflicted villages were separated by no more than a couple of kilometres from disease free villages and, though often found to affect members of the same family, it was shown that it was not hereditary.

A Serbian microbiologist, called Ivic, theorized that seeds of the plant could be contaminating the wheat used to bake bread, in the home. It is said that he was aware of reports of poisoning in horses that had grazed Aristolochia clematitis. After conducting trials with rats and rabbits which showed that Aristolchia seeds caused both kidney damage and cancer, Ivic published full details of his careful research in 1969. For reasons which are, today, unknowable, his work was largely ignored and efforts continued to focus on the mycotoxin theory or some other environmental factor.

There are still people, living in the afflicted areas, who blame the water for taking the lives of members of their community.

(^) Les fleurs du mal: CICUTA VIROSA, 1/6 (Besançon, France)

//Les fleurs du mal: Cicuta Virosa, 1/6 (Besançon, France)

Cicuta virosa (Cowbane or Northern Water Hemlock) is a species of Cicuta, native to northern and central Europe, northern Asia and northwestern North America. It is a perennial herbaceous plant which grows up to 1–2 m tall. The stems are smooth, branching, swollen at the base, purple-striped, and hollow except for partitions at the junction of the leaves and stem.It grows in wet meadows, along streambanks and other wet and marshy areas.

There has been some dispute whether it was a hemlock of the genus Cicuta or the genus Conium which was used in ancient Greece as state poison. This poison was administered as a method of capital punishment and certainly the Greek philosopher Socrates drank a cup of some kind of hemlock infusion at his execution in 399 BC.